як виглядає типовий клас в пайтон

app.py

from __future__ import annotations
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import date
from enum import Enum
from random import randint
from typing import List

class EyesColor(Enum):
    YELLOW = "Yellow"
    BLACK = "Black"
    BROWN = "Brown"
    GREEN = "Green"
    BLUE = "Blue"
    DIFFERENT = "Different"
    BLIND = "Blind"

@dataclass # @dataclass за замовчуванням додає такі методи: __init__ __repr__ __eq__ (і відповідно __ne__)
# залежно від параметрів декоратора додаються ще:
# order=True (__lt__, __le__, __gt__, __ge__)
# frozen=True (__hash__)
# https://www.it-notes.wiki/python/what-is-dataclasses/
# https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html
# https://habr.com/ru/articles/415829/
class Cat:
    # поля (з типами та значеннями за замовчуванням)
    gender: int = 0
    nick: str = ""
    craziness: int = 0               
    hungry: int = 50
    color: str = ""
    paws: int = 4
    lives: int = 9
    has_tail: bool = True
    has_fur: bool = True
    eyes_color: EyesColor = EyesColor.GREEN
    birthdate: date = field(default_factory=lambda: date(2026, 1, 1))
    favourite_meal: List[str] = field(default_factory=lambda: ["Whiskas", "Milk"])
    weight: float = 5000.0 # грами
    kind: str = ""
    energy: int = 100
    is_alive: bool = True

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.paws < 0 or self.paws > 4:
            self.paws = 4

    # методи
    def play(self) -> None:
        if self.paws <= 0:
            print("Cat has no paws! It doesnt wanna play!")
            return
        if self.hungry == 100:
            print("Cat is hungry!")
            return
        if self.energy < 20:
            print("Cat is tired!")
            return
        if not self.is_alive:
            print("Cat is dead!")
            return

        self.energy -= 10
        self.craziness += randint(-5, 5)
        self.hungry += randint(0, 10)
        self.weight -= randint(0, 1000)

    def sleep(self) -> None:
        self.hungry = 100
        self.energy = 100

    def eat(self, meal: str) -> None:
        if meal in self.favourite_meal:
            self.hungry = 0
            self.energy = 100
            self.craziness -= 10
            self.weight += 1000
            self.make_sound()
            return

        # не улюблена їжа
        self.hungry -= 10
        self.energy += 10

    def friendship(self, another: Cat) -> None:
        if self.gender == another.gender:
            situation = randint(0, 5)
            if situation == 0:
                self.lives -= 1
                if self.lives <= 0:
                    self.is_alive = False
            elif situation == 1:
                another.lives -= 1
                if another.lives <= 0:
                    another.is_alive = False
            elif situation == 2:
                self.paws -= 1
                if self.paws < 0:
                    self.paws = 0
            elif situation == 3:
                another.paws -= 1
                if another.paws < 0:
                    another.paws = 0
            elif situation == 4:
                self.has_tail = False
            elif situation == 5:
                another.has_tail = False

    def make_sound(self) -> None:
        print("MEOW MEOW!")

    @staticmethod
    def get_random_value(min_val: int, max_val: int) -> int:
        return randint(min_val, max_val)

    def print_info(self) -> None:
        print("================================")
        print(f"Name:      {self.nick}")
        print(f"Craziness: {self.craziness}")
        print(f"Hungry:    {self.hungry}")
        print(f"Paws:      {self.paws}")
        print(f"Lives:     {self.lives}")
        print(f"Weight:    {self.weight:.0f}g")
        print(f"Energy:    {self.energy}")
        print("================================")

    def set_paws(self, value: int) -> None:
        if value < 0 or value > 4:
            value = 4
        self.paws = value

#############################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":
    cat1 = Cat(nick="Локі", hungry=30, craziness=15)
    cat1.gender = 1
    cat1.print_info()

    cat1.play()
    cat1.eat("Whiskas")
    cat1.print_info()

    cat2 = Cat(nick="Фрея", hungry=40, craziness=20)
    cat2.gender = 1 # та ж стать - буде бійка

    cat1.friendship(cat2)
    cat1.print_info()
    cat2.print_info()