HTTP Verbs

http.md

🌐 HTTP metodlari (verbs) va ularning RESTful API’dagi o‘rni

HTTP metodlari (yoki HTTP verbs) — bu HTTP protokoli orqali serverga yuboriladigan so‘rovning qanday harakat bajarilishini bildiruvchi buyruqlardir.
RESTful arxitektura asosidagi web ilovalarda ular asosiy ahamiyatga ega, chunki ular orqali CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) amallar bajariladi.

---

🧩 Asosiy HTTP metodlari turlari :

• GET — Ma’lumot olish
• POST — Yangi resurs yaratish
• PUT — To‘liq yangilash
• PATCH — Qisman yangilash
• DELETE — O‘chirish
• HEAD — Faqat header so‘rash
• OPTIONS — Qo‘llab-quvvatlanadigan metodlarni so‘rash

---

🔹 1. GET — Ma’lumot olish

• Vazifasi: Serverdan ma’lumot so‘rash
• Body: Yo‘q
• Idempotent: ✅ Ha
• Masalan:

GET /users/123

ID’si 123 bo‘lgan foydalanuvchi haqida ma’lumot olib keladi.

---

🔹 2. POST — Yangi resurs yaratish

• Vazifasi: Serverga yangi ma’lumot (obyekt) yuborish
• Body: ✅ Ha (odatda JSON)
• Idempotent: ❌ Yo‘q
• Masalan:

POST /users
{
  "name": "Ali",
  "email": "ali@example.com"
}

Yangi foydalanuvchi yaratadi.

---

🔹 3. PUT — To‘liq yangilash

• Vazifasi: Mavjud resursni butunlay yangilash
• Body: ✅ Ha
• Idempotent: ✅ Ha
• Masalan:

PUT /users/123
{
  "name": "Vali",
  "email": "vali@example.com"
}

ID’si 123 bo‘lgan foydalanuvchini to‘liq yangilaydi.

---

🔹 4. PATCH — Qisman yangilash

• Vazifasi: Ma’lumotning faqat bir qismini yangilash
• Body: ✅ Ha
• Idempotent: ➖ Nisbiy (kerakli ehtiyot bilan ishlatish kerak)
• Masalan:

PATCH /users/123
{
  "email": "new@example.com"
}

Faqat email qiymatini yangilaydi.

---

🔹 5. DELETE — O‘chirish

• Vazifasi: Mavjud resursni o‘chirish
• Body: ❌ Yo‘q
• Idempotent: ✅ Ha
• Masalan:

DELETE /users/123

ID’si 123 bo‘lgan foydalanuvchini o‘chiradi.

---

🔹 6. HEAD — Faqat header so‘rash

• GET ga o‘xshaydi, lekin faqat header keladi.
• Body qaytmaydi.
• Ko‘pincha resurs mavjudligini tekshirish yoki cache maqsadida ishlatiladi.

HEAD /users/123

---

🔹 7. OPTIONS — Qo‘llab-quvvatlanadigan metodlarni so‘rash

• Biror endpointga nisbatan qanday HTTP metodlar ruxsat etilganini ko‘rsatadi.
• Ayniqsa CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) muammolarini hal qilishda muhim.

OPTIONS /users

---

📊 Jadval ko‘rinishida taqqoslash

Verb	Maqsad	Body kerakmi?	Idempotent	Misol
GET	Ma’lumot olish	Yo‘q	✅	GET /users/1
POST	Yangi ma’lumot	✅	❌	POST /users
PUT	To‘liq yangilash	✅	✅	PUT /users/1
PATCH	Qisman yangilash	✅	➖	PATCH /users/1
DELETE	O‘chirish	Yo‘q	✅	DELETE /users/1
HEAD	Faqat header olish	Yo‘q	✅	HEAD /users/1
OPTIONS	Ruxsat metodlarni olish	Yo‘q	✅	OPTIONS /users

---

🚀 HTTP metodlari va ASP.NET Core Web API

ASP.NET Core’da har bir HTTP metodiga [HttpGet], [HttpPost], [HttpPut] va h.k. atributlar mos keladi. Misol:

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class UsersController : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpGet("{id}")]
    public IActionResult Get(int id) => Ok(...);

    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult Create([FromBody] UserDto dto) => Created(...);

    [HttpPut("{id}")]
    public IActionResult Update(int id, [FromBody] UserDto dto) => Ok(...);

    [HttpPatch("{id}")]
    public IActionResult PartialUpdate(int id, [FromBody] JsonPatchDocument<UserDto> patch) => Ok(...);

    [HttpDelete("{id}")]
    public IActionResult Delete(int id) => NoContent();
}

---

📚 Xulosa

• HTTP metodlari — web API asosidir
• Har bir metod ma’lumot bilan ishlashda o‘ziga xos rolga ega
• ASP.NET Core bu metodlarni Controller ichida qulay tarzda qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi
• RESTful yondashuvda metodlar resurslar ustida CRUD amallarini bajarish uchun ishlatiladi