gistfile1.txt

https://github.com/wlanboy/debian-cloud-init

qemu.sh

IMAGE_URL="https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/latest/debian-13-genericcloud-${IMAGE_ARCH}.qcow2"

BASE_IMAGE="$WORKDIR/debian-13-base-${IMAGE_ARCH}.qcow2"
DISK_IMAGE="$WORKDIR/${VM_NAME}-${IMAGE_ARCH}.qcow2"
SEED_IMAGE="$WORKDIR/${VM_NAME}-${IMAGE_ARCH}-seed.iso"

mkdir -p "$WORKDIR"

### --- base image ------------------------------------------------------------

if [[ ! -f "$BASE_IMAGE" ]]; then
  echo "[e2e-libvirt] Downloading Debian 13 cloud image (${IMAGE_ARCH})"
  curl -L "$IMAGE_URL" -o "$BASE_IMAGE"
fi

if [[ ! -f "$DISK_IMAGE" ]]; then
  echo "[e2e-libvirt] Creating qcow2 overlay"
  qemu-img create \
    -f qcow2 \
    -b "$BASE_IMAGE" \
    -F qcow2 \
    "$DISK_IMAGE" \
    "$DISK_SIZE" >/dev/null
fi

### --- cloud-init data -------------------------------------------------------

PUBKEY_CONTENT=$(<"$SSH_KEY_FILE")

USER_DATA="$WORKDIR/user-data"
META_DATA="$WORKDIR/meta-data"

cat >"$USER_DATA" <<EOF
#cloud-config
users:
  - name: $SSH_USER
    sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
    shell: /bin/bash
    ssh_authorized_keys:
      - "$PUBKEY_CONTENT"

package_update: true
packages:
  - python3
  - python3-apt
  - sudo
  - openssh-server
EOF

cat >"$META_DATA" <<EOF
instance-id: $VM_NAME
local-hostname: $VM_NAME
EOF

### --- seed ISO (portable) ---------------------------------------------------

if command -v genisoimage >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  ISO_TOOL=genisoimage
elif command -v mkisofs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  ISO_TOOL=mkisofs
else
  die "Missing ISO tool: install genisoimage or mkisofs"
fi

echo "[e2e-libvirt] Creating cloud-init seed ISO via $ISO_TOOL"

"$ISO_TOOL" \
  -output "$SEED_IMAGE" \
  -volid cidata \
  -joliet \
  -rock \
  "$USER_DATA" \
  "$META_DATA"
  >/dev/null

qemu-system-aarch64 \
    -machine virt,highmem=on \
    -accel hvf \
    -cpu host \
    -smp "$VCPUS" \
    -m "$MEMORY_MB" \
    \
    -drive if=none,file="$DISK_IMAGE",format=qcow2,id=hd0 \
    -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=hd0 \
    \
    -drive if=none,file="$SEED_IMAGE",format=raw,id=cidata \
    -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=cidata \
    \
    -netdev vmnet-bridged,ifname=en0,id=net0 \
    -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
    \
    -display cocoa
    # -nographic

--cloud-init user-data=/isos/cloud-init.yml \

https://github.com/jsicotte/debian_apple_silicon/blob/main/start.sh

https://sleepymug.me/fragments/guide_mac_qemu.html

https://github.com/ricardobalk/ricardobalk.nl/blob/main/content/blog/linux/debian-on-macos.md

https://amf3.github.io/articles/virtualization/macos_qemu_networks/