Deploy two tokens and Create a Uniswap v4 Pool (Traces Explanation)

gistfile1.txt

# DeployTokenAndPool.sol run-latest.json (EVM trace with inline comments)

Below is the raw trace pulled from `broadcast/DeployTokenAndPool.sol/84532/run-latest.json` (lines 679-824 from the terminal output). Explanations are embedded as comments on each line.

```
## Setting up 1 EVM.                               // Foundry/forge spins up a local EVM instance
==========================                         // Trace header separator
Simulated On-chain Traces:                         // All calls below are simulated, not mainnet

  [469388] → new MockCbBTC@0xb9B962177c15353cd6AA49E26c2b627b9CC35457 // Deploy MockCbBTC ERC20
    ├─ emit Transfer(...to: 0x2394..., value: 5e9)                     // Mint 5e9 CbBTC to deployer
    ├─ emit Transfer(...to: 0x4db8..., value: 5e9)                     // Mint 5e9 CbBTC to secondary address
    └─ ← [Return] 1763 bytes of code                                   // Deployed bytecode size

  [469394] → new MockUSDC@0xB6c34A382a45F93682B03dCa9C48e3710e76809F   // Deploy MockUSDC ERC20
    ├─ emit Transfer(...to: 0x2394..., value: 5e12)                    // Mint 5e12 USDC to deployer
    ├─ emit Transfer(...to: 0x4db8..., value: 5e12)                    // Mint 5e12 USDC to secondary address
    └─ ← [Return] 1763 bytes of code                                   // Deployed bytecode size

  [29172] 0x05E7...::initialize(PoolKey(...), sqrtPriceX96=7.922e28)   // Create/init pool USDC/CBTC, fee 0.3%, tickSpacing 60
    ├─ emit Initialize(id: 0xa5a6..., ... tick: 0)                     // Pool initialized with starting sqrt price, tick 0
    └─ ← [Return] 0                                                    // Success

  [24735] MockUSDC::approve(0x0000...78BA3, max uint256)               // Deployer gives Permit2/router unlimited USDC allowance
    ├─ emit Approval(owner: 0x2394..., spender: 0x0000...78BA3, value: max)
    └─ ← [Return] true

  [24735] MockCbBTC::approve(0x0000...78BA3, max uint256)              // Deployer gives Permit2/router unlimited CbBTC allowance
    ├─ emit Approval(owner: 0x2394..., spender: 0x0000...78BA3, value: max)
    └─ ← [Return] true

  [25450] 0x0000...78BA3::approve(MockUSDC, spender=0x4B2C..., amount=1.461e48, expiration=2.814e14) // Permit2 sets USDC allowance for LP mgr
    ├─ emit Approval(owner: 0x2394..., token: MockUSDC, spender: 0x4B2C..., amount: 1.461e48, expiration: 2.814e14)
    └─ ← [Return]

  [25450] 0x0000...78BA3::approve(MockCbBTC, spender=0x4B2C..., amount=1.461e48, expiration=2.814e14) // Permit2 sets CbBTC allowance for LP mgr
    ├─ emit Approval(owner: 0x2394..., token: MockCbBTC, spender: 0x4B2C..., amount: 1.461e48, expiration: 2.814e14)
    └─ ← [Return]

  [394681] 0x4B2C...::modifyLiquidities(...), 1765469320               // LP manager starts liquidity add
    ├─ [389693] 0x05E7...::unlock(...)                                 // Pool unlocks to run callback logic
    │   ├─ [387606] 0x4B2C...::unlockCallback(...)                     // Caller’s callback executes
    │   │   ├─ emit Transfer(...to: 0x2394..., value: 9233)            // Small credit/mint to deployer (likely fee refund)
    │   │   ├─ [166250] 0x05E7...::modifyLiquidity(...liquidityDelta: 2.5e9, ticks: -887220 to 887220, salt: 0x2411) // Add wide-range liquidity
    │   │   │   ├─ emit ModifyLiquidity(...liquidityDelta: 2.5e9, ticks: full range, salt: 0x2411) // Position event
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] -8.507e47, 0                             // Liquidity change + fees/owed info
    │   │   ├─ [859] 0x05E7...::exttload(0x274a...) [staticcall]       // Read storage/bitmap slot
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 0xffff...6afd0700                        // Slot contents
    │   │   ├─ [6432] 0x05E7...::sync(MockUSDC)                        // Sync USDC balances before pull
    │   │   │   ├─ [2559] MockUSDC::balanceOf(pool) [staticcall]       // Check pool USDC balance
    │   │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 0                                   // No USDC yet
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Stop]
    │   │   ├─ [33625] 0x0000...78BA3::transferFrom(0x2394..., pool, 2.5e9, MockUSDC) // Router pulls 2.5e9 USDC to pool
    │   │   │   ├─ [30418] MockUSDC::transferFrom(0x2394..., pool, 2.5e9) // Underlying ERC20 transfer
    │   │   │   │   ├─ emit Transfer(from: 0x2394..., to: pool, value: 2.5e9)
    │   │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] true
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return]
    │   │   ├─ [2533] 0x05E7...::settle()                              // Settle USDC side into pool state
    │   │   │   ├─ [559] MockUSDC::balanceOf(pool) [staticcall]        // Confirm received USDC
    │   │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 2.5e9
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 2.5e9
    │   │   ├─ [859] 0x05E7...::exttload(0x04db...) [staticcall]       // Another storage read
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 0xffff...6afd0700                        // Slot contents
    │   │   ├─ [6432] 0x05E7...::sync(MockCbBTC)                       // Sync CbBTC balances before pull
    │   │   │   ├─ [2559] MockCbBTC::balanceOf(pool) [staticcall]      // Check pool CbBTC balance
    │   │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 0                                   // No CbBTC yet
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Stop]
    │   │   ├─ [33625] 0x0000...78BA3::transferFrom(0x2394..., pool, 2.5e9, MockCbBTC) // Router pulls 2.5e9 CbBTC to pool
    │   │   │   ├─ [30418] MockCbBTC::transferFrom(0x2394..., pool, 2.5e9) // Underlying ERC20 transfer
    │   │   │   │   ├─ emit Transfer(from: 0x2394..., to: pool, value: 2.5e9)
    │   │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] true
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return]
    │   │   ├─ [2533] 0x05E7...::settle()                              // Settle CbBTC side into pool state
    │   │   │   ├─ [559] MockCbBTC::balanceOf(pool) [staticcall]       // Confirm received CbBTC
    │   │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 2.5e9
    │   │   │   └─ ← [Return] 2.5e9
    │   │   └─ ← [Return] 0x...20...00                                 // Callback returns encoded data (likely empty bytes)
    │   └─ ← [Return] 0x                                              // Unlock completed
    └─ ← [Stop]                                                        // modifyLiquidities finished without revert
```

## TL;DR
- Deployed two mock tokens (CbBTC, USDC) and minted to deployer + helper.
- Initialized a Uniswap v4-style pool with fee 0.3% and wide tick spacing.
- Granted router/Permit2 unlimited spend on both tokens, then granted the liquidity manager large allowances via the router.
- Added a wide-range liquidity position depositing 2.5e9 USDC and 2.5e9 CbBTC into the pool, settling both sides successfully.