D3FEND 1.3.0 Object Properties

object_properties.md

Property	Label	SubPropertyOf	InverseOf	Definition
:abuses	abuses	:uses		x abuses y: The entity x applies an artifact y to a wrong thing or person; x applies y badly or incorrectly.
:access-mediated-by	access-mediated-by	:associated-with	:mediates-access-to	x access-mediated-by y: The entity or resource x has its access regulated, controlled, or facilitated by entity y, which acts as an intermediary or gatekeeper to enforce access control policies.
:accessed-by	accessed-by	:associated-with :may-be-accessed-by	:accesses	x accessed-by y: The entity or resource x is accessed by entity y.
:accesses	accesses	:associated-with :may-access		x accesses y: An subject x takes the action of reading from, writing into, or executing the stored information in the object y. Reads, writes, and executes are specific cases of accesses.
:addressed-by	addressed-by	:associated-with	:addresses	x addressed-by y: Relates a resource x (e.g., network host, peripheral device, disk sector, a memory cell or other logical or physical entity) to a discrete address y in an address space that points to it.
:addresses	addresses	:associated-with		x addresses y: Relates a pointer x to a digital artifact y located in the address space to which x points. The address space is part of some digital store, whether it be in memory, an image, or a persistent storage device.
:adds	adds	:associated-with :may-add		x adds y: The subject x adds a data object y, such as a file, to some other digital artifact, such as a directory. Examples include an agent or technique adding a record to a database. or a domain entry to a DNS server.
:analyzes	analyzes	:associated-with :detects		x analyzes y: The subject x break down object y into components or essential features, assessing y by quantitative methods, qualitative methods, or both. Usually the analysis is done in terms of some model or framework.
:associated-with	associated-with	:may-be-associated-with		x associated-with y: The subject x and object y are associated in some way. This is the most general definite relationship in d3fend (i.e., most general relationship that is not prefixed by 'may-'.)
:attached-to	attached-to	:associated-with		x attached-to y: A subject x is joined in close association to an object y.
:attack-may-be-countered-by	attack-may-be-countered-by	:may-be-tactically-associated-with
:authenticates	authenticates	:associated-with :hardens		x authenticates y: The subject x establishes the authenticity of some y. This relation indicates an authentication event has occurred.
:authorizes	authorizes	:associated-with :hardens		x authorizes y: A subject x grants authorization or clearance for an agent y to use an object. This relation indicates an authorization event has occurred.
:blocks	blocks	:counters :filters		x blocks y: The entity x blocks off the use of digital artifact y by reference to a block or allow list (or both.)
:broader	broader	:semantic-relation		x broader y: The entity x represents a more general or inclusive concept than entity y.
:broader-transitive	broader-transitive	:semantic-relation		x broader-transitive y: The entity x represents a more general concept than entity y, including indirect or hierarchical relationships where x encompasses y through intermediate entities.
:carried-by	carried-by	:associated-with	:carries	x carried-by y: The information entity x is dependent upon the entity y for its storage, transport, or communication. Entity y serves as the necessary bearer or link from which x can be recovered or interpreted.
:carries	carries	:associated-with		x carries y: The entity x serves as the bearer or link for information y, enabling y to be stored, transported, or communicated such that y can be recovered or interpreted from x
:caused-by	caused-by	:associated-with	:causes	x caused-by y: The event or action x occurs as a consequence of event or action y.
:causes	causes	:associated-with		x causes y: The event or action x brings about event or action y as a consequence.
:communicates-with	communicates-with	:associated-with		x communicates-with y: x and y exchange signals or data bidirectionally, enabling mutual awareness, coordination, or interaction.
:configures	configures	:associated-with :hardens		x configures y: The entity x sets the operational parameters of entity y, determining how y will operate.
:connected-to	connected-to	:associated-with		x connected-to y: The subject x shares a direct physical or logical link with object y such that communication is possible between them without intermediate routing.
:connects	connects	:associated-with		x connects y: The subject x joins system y by means of communication equipment (to some other system, typically the adversary-targeted host).
:contained-by	contained-by	:associated-with :may-be-contained-by	:contains	x contained-by y: The entity x exists within or is physically or logically enclosed by entity y.
:contains	contains	:associated-with :may-contain		x contains y: A core relation that holds between a whole x and its part y. Equivalent to relational concept 'has part' and thus transitive.
:controlled-by	controlled-by	:associated-with	:controls	x controlled-by y: x's operation or behavior is directed or regulated by y.
:controls	controls	:associated-with		x controls y: x directs or regulates y's operational state, behavior, or function.
:copies	copies	:creates		x copies y: An technique or agent x reproduces or makes and exact copy of some digital artifact y.
:copy-of	copy-of	:associated-with		x copy-of y: The subject x is a duplicate of the object y.
:counters	counters	:may-counter
:created-by	created-by	:associated-with :may-be-created-by	:creates	x created-by y: The entity x is brought into existence, developed, or generated by entity y.
:creates	creates	:associated-with :may-create		x creates y: The subject x bring into existence an object y. Some technique or agent x creates a persistent digital artifact y (as opposed to production of a consumable or transient object.); i.e., bring forth or generate
:d3fend-general-object-property	d3fend-general-object-property	:d3fend-object-property
:d3fend-kb-object-property	d3fend-kb-object-property	:d3fend-object-property		x d3fend-kb-object-property y: The object y is a d3fend knowledge base object property. These properties allow the linkage of knowledge and information supporting and illustrating the d3fend model.
:d3fend-object-property	d3fend-object-property
:d3fend-process-object-property	d3fend-process-object-property	:d3fend-object-property
:d3fend-tactical-verb-property	d3fend-tactical-verb-property	:d3fend-object-property
:d3fend-use-case-object-property	d3fend-use-case-object-property	:d3fend-object-property
:deceives	deceives	:counters
:deceives-with	deceives-with	:d3fend-tactical-verb-property		x deceives-with y: The entity x misleads or manipulates another entity using y as a tool, method, or mechanism to create false perceptions or understanding.
:decodes	decodes	:associated-with		x decodes y: Entity x transforms data y to a different form, usually through decompression.
:deletes	deletes	:evicts :modifies		x deletes y: A technique or agent x wipes out the digitally or magnetically recorded information of digital object y.
:dependent	dependent	:associated-with		x dependent y: A dependent y is an entity that requires the fulfillment of the requirements specified in dependency x.
:depends-on	depends-on	:associated-with	:has-dependent	x depends-on y: The entity x is contingent on y being available; x relies on y.
:detects	detects	:counters :d3fend-tactical-verb-property		x detects y: The entity x discovers the presence, occurrence, or state of entity y through observation or measurement.
:disables	disables	:evicts :may-disable :modifies		x disables y: The technique or agent x makes an entity y unable to perform its actions or capabilities.
:drives	drives	:associated-with		x drives y: The device driver x causes a system component y to function by controlling it.
:employed-by	employed-by	:associated-with	:employs	x employed-by y: An entity x is put into service by a technique or agent y. Inverse of y employs x.
:employs	employs	:associated-with		x employs y: The entity x makes purposeful use of entity y to perform a function.
:enabled-by	enabled-by	:associated-with	:enables	x enabled-by y: A top level technique y enables a tactic x, that is, the property indicates that a technique y is used to put a particular tactic x into action. In other words, y renders x capable or able for some task. Inverse of enables.
:enables	enables	:associated-with		x enables y: A top level technique x enables a tactic y, that is, the property indicates that a technique x is used to put a particular tactic y into action. In other words, x renders y capable or able for some task.
:encodes	encodes	:associated-with		x encodes y: Entity x transforms data y to a different form, usually through compression.
:encrypts	encrypts	:associated-with :hardens		x encrypts y: The entity x converts the ordinary representation of a digital artifact y into a secret code.
:end	end	:d3fend-process-object-property
:enforces	enforces	:associated-with		x enforces y: Technique x forces entity y to be compliant with a law, rule, or obligation.
:enumerates	enumerates	:reads		x enumerates y: The subject x takes the action of reading from a digital source y to acquire data and create a list of its contents.
:erases	erases	:associated-with		x erases y: A technique x removes recorded data from storage device y creating space for new data.
:evaluated-by	evaluated-by	:associated-with	:evaluates	x evaluated-by y: The entity x is assessed and analyzed by entity y.
:evaluates	evaluates	:associated-with :may-evaluate		x evaluates y: The entity x systematically assesses entity y to judge its state, quality, or risk.
:evicts	evicts	:counters :d3fend-tactical-verb-property :may-evict		x evicts y: The entity x forcibly removes entity y from the environment or resource where y was residing.
:exactly	exactly	:semantic-relation		x exactly y: The entity x is identical to or fully corresponds to entity y.
:excises	excises	:associated-with		x excises y: Technique x removes a section of entity y.
:executed-by	executed-by	:associated-with	:executes	x executed-by y: The entity or function x is carried out, performed, or run by entity y.
:executes	executes	:accesses :may-execute :runs		x executes y: The subject x takes the action of carrying out (executing) y, which is a single software module, function, or instruction.
:extends	extends	:modifies		x extends y: The entity x extend the scope or range or area of entity y, especially in the sense of widen the range of applications.
:filters	filters	:associated-with :isolates		x filters y: An technique or agent x removes some specified set of of entities from the content of a digital artifact y, by passing an artifact's content through a filter. A filter is a device that removes something from whatever passes through it.
:forges	forges	:creates		x forges y: An technique or agent x counterfeits a digital artifact y, such as a fake credential, with the intent to deceive.
:fork	fork	:d3fend-process-object-property
:hardens	hardens	:counters :d3fend-tactical-verb-property		x hardens y: The entity x fortifies entity y to reduce its weaknesses so y can better withstand attack or failure.
:has-account	has-account	:owns		x has-account y: The subject x has ownership or possession of some account y.
:has-agent	has-agent	:has-participant		x has-agent y: The event x occurs because agent y actively carries it out.
:has-audience	has-audience	:d3fend-use-case-object-property
:has-contribution	has-contribution	:d3fend-kb-object-property
:has-contributor	has-contributor	:d3fend-kb-object-property
:has-dependent	has-dependent	:associated-with		x has-dependent y: The entity x is relied upon or required by entity y.
:has-goal	has-goal	:d3fend-use-case-object-property
:has-input	has-input	:has-participant	:input-of	x has-input y: An event x has input y iff y is an artifact that is present at the start of x, provides material or information required for x to begin, and during x either y's state is altered or the information content it bears is realized.
:has-location	has-location	:associated-with		x has-location y: The entity x is situated in a particular spot or position y.
:has-mediator	has-mediator	:has-participant		x has-mediator y: The entity x relies on or is facilitated by entity y.
:has-member	has-member	:d3fend-kb-object-property	:member-of
:has-operating-mode	has-operating-mode	:associated-with		x has-operating-mode y: The entity x is currently operating in or has the potential to be in operating mode y.
:has-output	has-output	:has-participant	:output-of	x has-output y: An event x has output y iff y is an artifact that is present at the end of x, was not present in the same state at the start of x, and whose presence at the end is required for x to be considered complete; the change in state may arise either from a transformation of y itself or from the realization of the information content y bears.
:has-participant	has-participant	:associated-with	:participates-in	x has-participant y: The event x involves an object y as a participant, indicating that y plays some role in the event, whether actively, passively, or otherwise.
:has-prerequisite	has-prerequisite	:d3fend-use-case-object-property
:has-procedure	has-procedure	:d3fend-general-object-property
:has-recipient	has-recipient	:associated-with		x has_recipient y: An agent y is the intended recipient and decoder of the information contained in communication x.
:has-sender	has-sender	:associated-with		x has_sender y: An agent y is the sender and encoder of the information contained in communication x.
:has-weakness	has-weakness	:may-have-weakness	:weakness-of	x has-weakness y: The entity x exhibits a condition y that could, in some circumstances, lead to a vulnerability.
:hides	hides	:associated-with		x hides y: A technique or operation x conceals the digital artifact y.
:identified-by	identified-by	:associated-with	:identifies	x identified-by y: The entity x is recognized or described by entity y.
:identifies	identifies	:associated-with		x identifies y: The entity x recognizes or brings attention to entity y, making it distinct or clear through naming, description, or discovery.
:impairs	impairs	:associated-with		x impairs y: The entity or action x hinders entity y by reducing its normal function, capacity, or availability.
:implemented-by	implemented-by	:associated-with	:implements	x implemented-by y: The entity x is realized or brought into operation by entity y.
:implements	implements	:associated-with		x implements y: The entity x realize entity y by putting its design or specification into effect.
:initiates	initiates	:associated-with		x initiates y: The entity or action x starts or triggers entity or function y, bringing it into action.
:injects	injects	:executes		x injects y: The subject x takes the action of exploiting a security flaw by introducing (injecting) y, which is code or data that will change the course of execution or state of a computing process to an alternate course or state.
:input-of	input-of	:participates-in		x input-of y: An artifact x is input of an event y iff x participates at the start of y, provides the material or information required for y to begin, and during y either x's state is altered or the information content it bears is realized.
:installs	installs	:associated-with		x installs y: An entity x sets up a digital artifact y for subsequent use. For example, an installation program can install application software.
:instructed-by	instructed-by	:associated-with		x instructed-by y: A subject x takes machine instructions from object y.
:instructs	instructs	:associated-with		x instructs y: A subject x delivers machine instructions to object y.
:interprets	interprets	:executes :may-interpret		x interprets y: The subject x interprets the executable script y. The sense of interprets is here 'Parse the source code and perform its behavior directly.'
:inventoried-by	inventoried-by	:associated-with	:inventories	x inventoried-by y: The entity x is cataloged, recorded, or tracked by entity y.
:inventories	inventories	:associated-with		x inventories y: The entity x systematically discovers entity y and records its presence and key details for tracking.
:invoked-by	invoked-by	:associated-with :may-be-invoked-by	:invokes	x invoked-by y: The entity x is called, triggered, or activated by entity y.
:invokes	invokes	:executes :may-invoke		x invokes y: The subject x invokes a system service y by use of an instruction object y that interrupts the program being executed and passes control to the operating system to perform that operation.
:isolates	isolates	:associated-with :d3fend-tactical-verb-property		x isolates y: The technique or agent x sets digital artifact y apart from other digital artifacts, sequestering y.
:kb-reference	kb-reference	:d3fend-kb-object-property	:kb-reference-of
:kb-reference-of	kb-reference-of	:d3fend-kb-object-property		x kb-is-example-of y: The reference x is an example of technique y.
:limits	limits	:restricts		x limits y: An entity x specifies a designated limit beyond which some entity y cannot function or must be terminated.
:loaded-by	loaded-by	:associated-with	:loads	x loaded-by y: The entity x is brought into memory by entity y.
:loads	loads	:associated-with		x loads y: The technique or process x transfers a software from a storage y to a computer's memory for subsequent execution.
:manages	manages	:associated-with		x manages y: The technique or agent x watches and directs the use of a digital artifact y.
:mapped-by	mapped-by	:associated-with	:maps	x mapped-by y: The entity x is linked to another entity by entity y.
:maps	maps	:may-map		x maps y: The entity x discovers and records how entity y is arranged and interconnected.
:may-access	may-access	:may-be-associated-with	:may-be-accessed-by	x may-access y: They entity x may access the thing y; that is, 'x accesses y' may be true.
:may-add	may-add	:may-be-associated-with		x may-add y: They entity x may add the thing y; that is, 'x adds y' may be true.
:may-be-accessed-by	may-be-accessed-by	:may-be-associated-with
:may-be-associated-with	may-be-associated-with	:d3fend-object-property		x may-be-associated-with y: The subject x and object y may be associated in some way.
:may-be-contained-by	may-be-contained-by	:may-be-associated-with	:may-contain
:may-be-created-by	may-be-created-by	:may-be-associated-with	:may-create
:may-be-deceived-by	may-be-deceived-by	:attack-may-be-countered-by	:may-deceive
:may-be-detected-by	may-be-detected-by	:attack-may-be-countered-by	:may-detect
:may-be-evicted-by	may-be-evicted-by	:attack-may-be-countered-by	:may-evict
:may-be-hardened-against-by	may-be-hardened-against-by	:attack-may-be-countered-by	:may-harden
:may-be-invoked-by	may-be-invoked-by	:may-be-associated-with	:may-invoke
:may-be-isolated-by	may-be-isolated-by	:attack-may-be-countered-by	:may-isolate
:may-be-modified-by	may-be-modified-by	:may-be-associated-with	:may-modify
:may-be-tactically-associated-with	may-be-tactically-associated-with	:may-be-associated-with		x may-be-tactically-associated-with y: the defensive action x may be a tactic that counters offensive action y.
:may-be-weakness-of	may-be-weakness-of	:may-be-associated-with	:may-have-weakness
:may-contain	may-contain	:may-be-associated-with		to potentially have as contents or constituent parts; comprise; include.
:may-counter	may-counter	:may-be-associated-with
:may-counter-attack	may-counter-attack	:may-be-tactically-associated-with
:may-create	may-create	:may-be-associated-with		x may-create y: They entity x may create the entity y; that is, 'x creates y' may be true.
:may-deceive	may-deceive	:may-counter-attack
:may-detect	may-detect	:may-counter-attack
:may-disable	may-disable	:may-evict
:may-evaluate	may-evaluate	:may-be-associated-with
:may-evict	may-evict	:may-counter :may-counter-attack
:may-execute	may-execute	:may-be-associated-with		x may execute y: The subject x might take the action of carrying out (executing) y, which is a single software module, function, or instruction.
:may-harden	may-harden	:may-counter-attack
:may-have-weakness	may-have-weakness	:may-be-associated-with
:may-interpret	may-interpret	:may-be-associated-with		x may-interpret y: They entity x may interpret the thing y; that is, 'x interprets y' may be true.
:may-invoke	may-invoke	:may-be-associated-with		x may-invoke y: They entity x may invoke the thing y; that is, 'x invokes y' may be true.
:may-isolate	may-isolate	:may-counter-attack
:may-map	may-map	:may-be-associated-with
:may-modify	may-modify	:may-be-associated-with		x may-modify y: They entity x may modify the thing y; that is, 'x modifies y' may be true.
:may-produce	may-produce	:may-be-associated-with		x may-produce y: They entity x may produce the thing y; that is, 'x produces y' may be true.
:may-query	may-query	:may-be-associated-with
:may-run	may-run	:may-be-associated-with		x may-run y: They entity x may run the thing y; that is, 'x runs y' may be true.
:may-transfer	may-transfer	:may-be-associated-with		x may-transfer y: They entity x might send the thing y; that is, 'x transfers y' may be true.
:mediates-access-to	mediates-access-to	:associated-with		x mediates-access-to y: The entity x controls and brokers requests to reach entity y, enforcing the access rules that allow or deny it.
:member-of	member-of	:d3fend-kb-object-property
:modified-by	modified-by	:associated-with :may-be-modified-by	:modifies	x modified-by y: The entity x is changed by entity y.
:modifies	modifies	:accesses :associated-with :may-modify		x modifies y: A technique or agent x causes a digital object y to change; become different; or undertake a transformation. Afterwards, the data or state held by a digital object is changed.
:modifies-part	modifies-part	:may-modify		x modifies-part y: The entity x modifies a part of y.
:monitors	monitors	:associated-with :detects		x monitors y: The technique or agent x keep tabs on; keeps an eye on; or keep the digital artifact y under surveillance.
:narrower	narrower	:semantic-relation		x narrower y: The entity x represents a more specific or focused concept than entity y.
:narrower-transitive	narrower-transitive	:semantic-relation		x narrower-transitive y: The entity x represents a more specific concept than entity y, including indirect or hierarchical relationships where x is a subset of y through intermediate entities.
:neutralizes	neutralizes	:associated-with :hardens		x neutralizes y: The technique x makes the execution of actions of y ineffective by preventing or counterbalancing the effect of y.
:next	next	:d3fend-process-object-property
:obfuscates	obfuscates	:evicts :modifies		x obfuscates y: The technique x makes the digital artifact y unclear or obscure. Typically obfuscation is a way to hide a digital artifact from discovery, use, or both.
:operates	operates	:associated-with		x operates y: The entity x enables, activates, or controls the functioning or behavior of object y (operated entity), typically in accordance with the design or intended use of the operated entity.
:originates-from	originates-from	:associated-with		x originates-from y: The digital event or artifact x began its network transit from a physical location y.
:output-of	output-of	:participates-in		x output-of y: An artifact x is output of an event y iff x must be present when y concludes, was absent in the same state when x began, and y counts as complete only when x is available at its end.
:owns	owns	:associated-with		x owns y: The subject x has ownership or possession of some object y.
:participates-in	participates-in	:associated-with		x participates-in y: The object x takes part in the event y, signifying that x contributes to or is affected by the event’s occurrence in some way.
:powered-by	powered-by	:depends-on	:powers	x powered-by y: x obtains its essential energy or force from y to perform its function or remain active.
:powers	powers	:has-dependent		x powers y: x furnishes y with the energy or force required for y's functionality or operation.
:preceded-by	preceded-by	:associated-with	:precedes	x preceded-by y: The event or action x occurs after event or action y in time.
:precedes	precedes	:associated-with		x precedes y: The event or action x occurs before event or action y in time.
:process-ancestor	process-ancestor	:process-property		x process-ancestor y: The process y is a process ancestor of process x, indicating one or more process creation events were conducted were started at process y and subsequently created process x.
:process-image-path	process-image-path	:process-property		x process-image-path y: The filepath y is the process image path for the process x, indicating the path to the resource from which the process's image was loaded.
:process-parent	process-parent	:process-ancestor		x process-parent y: The process y created the process x (directly) with a create process event.
:process-property	process-property	:associated-with		x process-property y: Process x has the a process-property y. This is generalization for specific process object properties.
:process-user	process-user	:process-property		x process-user y: The process x has been executed by the user y.
:produced-by	produced-by	:associated-with	:produces	x produced-by y: The entity x is created by entity y.
:produces	produces	:associated-with :may-produce		x produces y: The subject entity x or process produces a data object y, which may be discrete digital object or a stream (e.g., a stream such as network traffic.)
:provider	provider	:associated-with		x provider y: A provider y is an entity that supplies a service, system, or data resources to a dependent entity x.
:quarantines	quarantines	:associated-with		x quarantines y: Technique x moves entity y to a place of isolation.
:queries	queries	:associated-with :may-query		x queries y: The entity x requests information or data from entity y.
:reads	reads	:accesses		x reads y: The subject x takes the action of reading from a digital source y to acquire data and placing it into volatile memory for processing.
:receives	receives	:associated-with		x receives y: The subject x acquires object y from a communication medium and transfers y into its local context for storage or processing.
:recorded-in	recorded-in	:associated-with	:records	x recorded-in y: The event x is documented, logged, or otherwise preserved within the digital artifact y, which stores or encodes relevant data about the event.
:records	records	:associated-with		x records y: The digital artifact x makes a record of events y; set down in permanent form.
:regenerates	regenerates	:associated-with :hardens		x regenerates y: The entity x discards the current digital artifact y and creates a new version that serves the same function.
:related	related	:semantic-relation		x related y: x has a symmetric associative relation to y.
:restores	restores	:associated-with		x restores y: The entity x returns entity y to its known-good or previous state.
:restricted-by	restricted-by	:associated-with	:restricts	x restricted-by y: The entity x is limited, constrained, or regulated by entity y.
:restricts	restricts	:associated-with :isolates		x restricts y: An entity x bounds the use of entity y.
:resume	resume	:d3fend-process-object-property		The agent or technique x continues a previous action on entity y. Usually occurs after suspension on y.
:resumes	resumes	:associated-with		The agent or technique x continues a previous action on entity y. Usually occurs after suspension on y.
:runs	runs	:associated-with :may-run		x runs y: To carry out a process or program y, as on a computer or a machine x; where y may be a large software assembly or a specific module or instruction.
:semantic-relation	semantic-relation	:associated-with		x semantic-relation y: The entity x is conceptually or meaningfully connected to entity y.
:signed-by	signed-by	:validated-by	:signs	x signed-by y: The digital artifact x includes a signature generated by the entity y, certifying the authenticity and integrity of x. This relationship indicates that x has undergone a validation process by y, using cryptographic measures to ensure that x is trustworthy and unaltered since the signing by y.
:signs	signs	:validates		x signs y: The entity x applies a digital signature to the digital artifact y, thereby asserting its validity, integrity, and authenticity.
:spoofs	spoofs	:associated-with :deceives-with		x spoofs y: The technique x creates a fake instance of a digital artifact y; that is, y is a decoy, fake, or counterfeit.
:start	start	:d3fend-process-object-property
:strengthens	strengthens	:associated-with :hardens		x strengthens y: The technique x make digital artifact y resistant (to harm or misuse.)
:summarizes	summarizes	:associated-with		x summarizes y: The sensor x summarizes a set y of events concerning digital artifacts over time.
:suspends	suspends	:evicts		x suspends y: The agent or technique x pauses entity y.
:terminates	terminates	:associated-with :evicts		x terminates y: The technique x brings to an end or halt to some activity y.
:transmits	transmits	:associated-with		x transmits y: The subject x actively emits object y onto a communication medium, rendering y observable and available for reception on that medium.
:unloads	unloads	:evicts		x unloads y: The technique or artifact performs the action of unloading some artifact (applications, kernel modules, or hardware drivers, etc.) from a computer's memory.
:unmounts	unmounts	:associated-with		x unmounts y: An operation x removes the access via computer system's file system the availability of files and directories on a storage artifact y. Unmounts reverse or undo prior mount operations.
:updates	updates	:hardens :modifies		x updates y: The technique x updates the software for component y.
:use-limits	use-limits	:limits		x use-limits y: An entity x specifies a designated number of uses beyond which some entity y cannot function or must be terminated.
:used-by	used-by	:associated-with	:uses	x used-by y: is inverse of y uses x.
:uses	uses	:associated-with		x uses y: An entity x puts into service a resource or implement y; makes y work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose.
:validated-by	validated-by	:associated-with :hardens		x validated-by y: The digital artifact x has its authenticity and correctness confirmed or verified by the technique, operation, or agent y.
:validates	validates	:associated-with :hardens		x validates y: The technique x proves the digital artifact y is valid; that is, x shows or confirms the validity of y.
:verifies	verifies	:analyzes :associated-with		x verifies y: A technique x confirms the truth of a digital artifact y.
:weakness-of	weakness-of	:may-be-weakness-of
:writes	writes	:accesses		x writes y: The subject x takes the action of writing to a digital artifact y to store data and placing it into persistent memory for later reference.