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@henridf
henridf / microgpt.py
Created February 11, 2026 21:17 — forked from karpathy/microgpt.py
microgpt
"""
The most atomic way to train and inference a GPT LLM in pure, dependency-free Python.
Differences from GPT-2 are minor: rmsnorm instead of layer norm, no biases, square ReLU instead of GeLU nonlinearity.
The contents of this file is everything algorithmically needed to train a GPT. Everything else is just efficiency.
Art project by @karpathy.
"""
import os # for os.path.exists
import math # for math.log, math.exp
import random # for random.seed, random.choices
@henridf
henridf / protoc-encode.md
Last active May 29, 2024 22:08
Encoding a protobuf with `protoc --encode`

I needed to quickly encode a protobuf from the command-line, and while I pretty much immediately came across protoc --encode as the obvious solution, I did not find much documentation on the input textual syntax.

Here is the relevant snippet from protoc --help:

--encode=MESSAGE_TYPE       Read a text-format message of the given type
                              from standard input and write it in binary
                              to standard output.  The message type must
                              be defined in PROTO_FILES or their imports.