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Clone the stable kernel
git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git -
Create a new branch and make changes in that branch. Commit your changes.
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Create a config file for your distro, and then compile and install your kernel to make sure everything works.
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To submit your changes, you need to make a patch out of your commit. Each subsystem of the kernel has its own maintainer(s). To find out the maintainer for your subsystem, you can use the 'get_maintainer.pl' script bundled with the kernel.
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To get your patch ready, use the following command. After a patch is generated, you need to add details to it explaining why changes are required.
git format-patch -1 <commit ID> --to=<maintainer> --to=<maintainer> --cc=<list/maintainer> --cc=<list/maintainer> -
Send the patch using git-email
git send-email <patch_name>
References: