TL;DR: Qt6 Flatpak apps using the KDE runtime ignore GNOME's dark mode preference. The workaround is three environment variables + Kvantum.
If you run Qt/KDE Flatpak apps (qBittorrent, OBS Studio, VLC, etc.) on GNOME with dark mode enabled, they render with a light theme — white backgrounds, light widgets, the works.
This is caused by two bugs in the Qt/KDE stack.