| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Qalb | قلب | Heart — the spiritual heart, seat of consciousness and faith |
| Ruh | روح | Spirit/Soul — the divine breath breathed into creation |
| Nafs | نفس | Self/Ego — the lower self, desires; has stages (e.g. nafs al-ammara = commanding self, nafs al-lawwama = self-reproaching, nafs al-mutma'inna = tranquil self) |
| Aql | عقل | Intellect/Reason |
| Fitrah | فطرة | Primordial nature — the innate disposition toward God |
| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ghayb | غيب | The Unseen — that which is beyond human perception |
| Dunya | دنيا | The worldly life, the temporal lower world |
| Akhira | آخرة | The Hereafter, the next life |
| Yawm al-Qiyama | يوم القيامة | Day of Resurrection / Day of Standing |
| Yawm al-Din | يوم الدين | Day of Judgment |
| Barzakh | برزخ | The intermediary realm between death and resurrection |
| Jannah | جنة | Paradise / Garden |
| Jahannam | جهنم | Hell / Hellfire |
| Sirat | صراط | The Bridge over Hell crossed on Judgment Day |
| Mizan | ميزان | The Scale — weighing of deeds on Judgment Day |
| Hashr | حشر | The Gathering of all souls for judgment |
| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Tawhid | توحيد | Oneness of God — the central doctrine |
| Shirk | شرك | Associating partners with God (gravest sin) |
| Iman | إيمان | Faith / Belief |
| Islam | إسلام | Submission (to God's will) |
| Ihsan | إحسان | Excellence — worshipping as though you see God |
| Taqwa | تقوى | God-consciousness, piety, mindful awareness of God |
| Tawakkul | توكل | Trust/reliance on God |
| Qadr | قدر | Divine decree / predestination |
| Rizq | رزق | Provision — sustenance from God |
| Barakah | بركة | Blessing, divine grace |
| Rahma | رحمة | Mercy |
| Hidaya | هداية | Guidance (from God) |
| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ibadah | عبادة | Worship / devotion |
| Salah | صلاة | Ritual prayer (5 daily) |
| Sawm | صوم | Fasting |
| Zakat | زكاة | Obligatory alms/charity |
| Hajj | حج | Pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Dhikr | ذكر | Remembrance of God |
| Du'a | دعاء | Supplication / personal prayer |
| Tawba | توبة | Repentance — turning back to God |
| Sabr | صبر | Patience / steadfast endurance |
| Shukr | شكر | Gratitude |
| Ikhlas | إخلاص | Sincerity (of intention) |
| Niyyah | نية | Intention |
| Khushu | خشوع | Humility/presence of heart, esp. in prayer |
| Halal | حلال | Permissible |
| Haram | حرام | Forbidden |
| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Wahy | وحي | Divine revelation |
| Ilm | علم | Knowledge |
| Hikmah | حكمة | Wisdom |
| Sunnah | سنة | Prophetic tradition / practice |
| Hadith | حديث | Recorded saying or action of the Prophet |
| Sharia | شريعة | Sacred law — the moral and legal framework |
| Fiqh | فقه | Jurisprudence — human understanding of Sharia |