ChatGPT low-power energy-harvesting simulation in Rust + Bevy [ Environment ] ↓ [ Humidity Gradient ] ↓ [ Harvester (µW source, noisy) ] ↓ [ Energy Storage (capacitor) ] ↓ [ Load (MCU / radio / sensor) ]

EnergyHarvester.rs

use bevy::prelude::*;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Environment {
    humidity: f32,        // 0.0 - 1.0
    temperature: f32,     // °C
}

#[derive(Component)]
struct Harvester {
    efficiency: f32,      // 0.0 - 1.0
    max_power_uw: f32,    // microwatts
}

#[derive(Component)]
struct Storage {
    energy_uj: f32,       // microjoules
    capacity_uj: f32,
}

#[derive(Component)]
struct Load {
    active: bool,
    draw_uw: f32,
}

fn harvest_power(env: &Environment, harvester: &Harvester) -> f32 {
    let gradient = env.humidity * (1.0 - env.humidity);
    let noise = rand::random::<f32>() * 0.2 + 0.9;

    harvester.max_power_uw * gradient * harvester.efficiency * noise
}

fn environment_system(mut env: Query<&mut Environment>, time: Res<Time>) {
    for mut env in env.iter_mut() {
        env.humidity += (rand::random::<f32>() - 0.5) * 0.001;
        env.humidity = env.humidity.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
    }
}

fn harvesting_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    env: Query<&Environment>,
    mut query: Query<(&Harvester, &mut Storage)>
) {
    let env = env.single();
    let dt = time.delta_seconds();

    for (harvester, mut storage) in query.iter_mut() {
        let power_uw = harvest_power(env, harvester);
        let energy_gained = power_uw * dt;

        storage.energy_uj =
            (storage.energy_uj + energy_gained)
                .min(storage.capacity_uj);
    }
}

fn load_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<(&mut Storage, &mut Load)>
) {
    let dt = time.delta_seconds();

    for (mut storage, mut load) in query.iter_mut() {
        if load.active {
            let drain = load.draw_uw * dt;
            storage.energy_uj -= drain;

            if storage.energy_uj <= 0.0 {
                storage.energy_uj = 0.0;
                load.active = false; // brownout
            }
        }
    }
}

fn duty_cycle_system(
    mut query: Query<(&Storage, &mut Load)>,
) {
    for (storage, mut load) in query.iter_mut() {
        if storage.energy_uj > 50.0 {
            load.active = true;
        } else {
            load.active = false;
        }
    }
}

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_systems(Update, (
            environment_system,
            harvesting_system,
            load_system,
            duty_cycle_system,
        ))
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        .run();
}

fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Environment {
        humidity: 0.6,
        temperature: 22.0,
    });

    commands.spawn((
        Harvester {
            efficiency: 0.15,
            max_power_uw: 5.0,
        },
        Storage {
            energy_uj: 10.0,
            capacity_uj: 200.0,
        },
        Load {
            active: false,
            draw_uw: 20.0,
        },
    ));
}